Descriptives Selection Strategy

When the number of field pairs is too large (for example, larger than the default of 1000), SelectionStrategy is used to limit the number of pairs for which bivariate statistics will be computed. The strategy involves 2 steps:

1. Limit the number of pairs based on the univariate statistics.
2. Limit the number of pairs based on the core association bivariate statistics.

Notice that the pair will always be included under the following conditions:

1. The pair consists of a predictor field and a target field.
2. The pair of predictors or targets is enforced.

Smart Data Preprocessing

The Smart Data Preprocessing (SDP) engine is an analytic component for data preparation. It consists of three separate modules: relevance analysis, relevance and redundancy analysis, and smart metadata (SMD) integration.

Given the data with regular fields, list fields, and map fields, relevance analysis evaluates the associations of input fields with targets, and selects a specified number of fields for subsequent analysis. Meanwhile, it expands list fields and map fields, and extracts the selected fields into regular column-based format.

Due to the efficiency of relevance analysis, it's also used to reduce the large number of fields in wide data to a moderate level where traditional analytics can work.

SmartDataPreprocessingRelevanceAnalysis exports these outputs:

• JSON file, containing model information
• new column-based data
• the related data model

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.smartdatapreprocessing import SmartDataPreprocessingRelevanceAnalysis

sdpRA = SmartDataPreprocessingRelevanceAnalysis(). \
    setInputFieldList(["holderage", "vehicleage", "claimamt"]). \
    setTargetFieldList(["vehiclegroup", "nclaims"]). \
    setMaxNumTarget(3). \
    setInvalidPairsThresEnabled(True). \
    setRMSSEThresEnabled(True). \
    setAbsVariCoefThresEnabled(True). \
    setInvalidPairsThreshold(0.7). \
    setRMSSEThreshold(0.7). \
    setAbsVariCoefThreshold(0.05). \
    setMaxNumSelFields(2). \
    setConCatRatio(0.3). \
    setFilterSelFields(True)

predictions = sdpRA.transform(data)
predictions.show()

Sparse Data Convertor

Sparse Data Convertor (SDC) converts regular data fields into list fields. You just need to specify the fields that you want to convert into list fields, then SDC will merge the fields according to their measurement level. It will generate, at most, three kinds of list fields: continuous list field, categorical list field, and map field.

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.sparsedataconverter import SparseDataConverter

sdc = SparseDataConverter(). \
    setInputFieldList(["Age", "Sex", "Marriage", "BP", "Cholesterol", "Na", "K", "Drug"])
predictions = sdc.transform(data)
predictions.show()

Binning

You can use this function to derive one or more new binned fields or to obtain the bin definitions used to determine the bin values.

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.binning.binning import Binning

binDefinition = BinDefinitions(1, False, True, True, [CutPoint(50.0, False)])
binField = BinRequest("integer_field", "integer_bin", binDefinition, None)

params = [binField]
bining = Binning().setBinRequestsParam(params)

outputDF = bining.transform(inputDF)

Hex Binning

You can use this function to calculate and assign hexagonal bins to two fields.

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.binning.hexbinning import HexBinning
from spss.ml.param.binningsettings import HexBinningSetting

params = [HexBinningSetting("field1_out", "field1", 5, -1.0, 25.0, 5.0),
          HexBinningSetting("field2_out", "field2", 5, -1.0, 25.0, 5.0)]

hexBinning = HexBinning().setHexBinRequestsParam(params)
outputDF = hexBinning.transform(inputDF)

Complex Sampling

The complexSampling function selects a pseudo-random sample of records from a data source.

The complexSampling function performs stratified sampling of incoming data using simple exact sampling and simple proportional sampling. The stratifying fields are specified as input and the sampling counts or sampling ratio for each of the strata to be sampled must also be provided. Optionally, the record counts for each strata may be provided to improve performance.

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.sampling.complexsampling import ComplexSampling
from spss.ml.datapreparation.params.sampling import RealStrata, Strata, Stratification

transformer = ComplexSampling(). \
    setRandomSeed(123444). \
    setRepeatable(True). \
    setStratification(Stratification(["real_field"], [
    Strata(key=[RealStrata(11.1)], samplingCount=25),
    Strata(key=[RealStrata(2.4)], samplingCount=40),
    Strata(key=[RealStrata(12.9)], samplingRatio=0.5)])). \
    setFrequencyField("frequency_field")

sampled = transformer.transform(unionDF)

Count and Sample

The countAndSample function produces a pseudo-random sample having a size approximately equal to the 'samplingCount' input.

The sampling is accomplished by calling the SamplingComponent with a sampling ratio that's computed as 'samplingCount / totalRecords' where 'totalRecords' is the record count of the incoming data.

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.sampling.countandsample import CountAndSample

transformer = CountAndSample().setSamplingCount(20000).setRandomSeed(123)
sampled = transformer.transform(unionDF)

MR Sampling

The mrsampling function selects a pseudo-random sample of records from a data source at a specified sampling ratio. The size of the sample will be approximately the specified proportion of the total number of records subject to an optional maximum. The set of records and their total number will vary with random seed. Every record in the data source has the same probability of being selected.

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.sampling.mrsampling import MRSampling

transformer = MRSampling().setSamplingRatio(0.5).setRandomSeed(123).setDiscard(True)
sampled  = transformer.transform(unionDF)

Sampling Model

The samplingModel function selects a pseudo-random percentage of the subsequence of input records defined by every Nth record for a given step size N. The total sample size may be optionally limited by a maximum.

When the step size is 1, the subsequence is the entire sequence of input records. When the sampling ratio is 1.0, selection becomes deterministic, not pseudo-random.

Note that with distributed data, the samplingModel function applies the selection criteria independently to each data split. The maximum sample size, if any, applies independently to each split and not to the entire data source; the subsequence is started fresh at the start of each split.

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.sampling.samplingcomponent import SamplingModel

transformer = SamplingModel().setSamplingRatio(1.0).setSamplingStep(2).setRandomSeed(123).setDiscard(False)
sampled = transformer.transform(unionDF)

Sequential Sampling

The sequentialSampling function is similar to the samplingModel function. It also selects a pseudo-random percentage of the subsequence of input records defined by every Nth record for a given step size N. The total sample size may be optionally limited by a maximum.

When the step size is 1, the subsequence is the entire sequence of input records. When the sampling ratio is 1.0, selection becomes deterministic, not pseudo-random. The main difference between sequentialSampling and samplingModel is that with distributed data, the sequentialSampling function applies the selection criteria to the entire data source, while the samplingModel function applies the selection criteria independently to each data split.

Python example code:

from spss.ml.datapreparation.sampling.samplingcomponent import SequentialSampling

transformer = SequentialSampling().setSamplingRatio(1.0).setSamplingStep(2).setRandomSeed(123).setDiscard(False)
sampled = transformer.transform(unionDF)

Parent topic: SPSS predictive analytics algorithms