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CLEM operators
Last updated: Feb 11, 2025
CLEM operators (SPSS Modeler)

This page lists the available CLEM language operators.

Table 1. CLEM language operators
Operation Comments Precedence (see next section)
or Used between two CLEM expressions. Returns a value of true if either is true or if both are true. 10
and Used between two CLEM expressions. Returns a value of true if both are true. 9
= Used between any two comparable items. Returns true if ITEM1 is equal to ITEM2. 7
== Identical to =. 7
/= Used between any two comparable items. Returns true if ITEM1 is not equal to ITEM2. 7
/== Identical to /=. 7
> Used between any two comparable items. Returns true if ITEM1 is strictly greater than ITEM2. 6
>= Used between any two comparable items. Returns true if ITEM1 is greater than or equal to ITEM2. 6
< Used between any two comparable items. Returns true if ITEM1 is strictly less than ITEM2 6
<= Used between any two comparable items. Returns true if ITEM1 is less than or equal to ITEM2. 6
&&=_0 Used between two integers. Equivalent to the Boolean expression INT1 && INT2 = 0. 6
&&/=_0 Used between two integers. Equivalent to the Boolean expression INT1 && INT2 /= 0. 6
+ Adds two numbers: NUM1 + NUM2. 5
>< Concatenates two strings; for example, STRING1 >< STRING2. 5
- Subtracts one number from another: NUM1 - NUM2. Can also be used in front of a number: - NUM. 5
* Used to multiply two numbers: NUM1 * NUM2. 4
&& Used between two integers. The result is the bitwise 'and' of the integers INT1 and INT2. 4
&&~~ Used between two integers. The result is the bitwise 'and' of INT1 and the bitwise complement of INT2. 4
|| Used between two integers. The result is the bitwise 'inclusive or' of INT1 and INT2. 4
~~ Used in front of an integer. Produces the bitwise complement of INT. 4
||/& Used between two integers. The result is the bitwise 'exclusive or' of INT1 and INT2. 4
INT1 << N Used between two integers. Produces the bit pattern of INT shifted left by N positions. 4
INT1 >> N Used between two integers. Produces the bit pattern of INT shifted right by N positions. 4
/ Used to divide one number by another: NUM1 / NUM2. 4
** Used between two numbers: BASE ** POWER. Returns BASE raised to the power POWER. 3
rem Used between two integers: INT1 rem INT2. Returns the remainder, INT1 - (INT1 div INT2) * INT2. 2
div Used between two integers: INT1 div INT2. Performs integer division. 2

Operator precedence

Precedences determine the parsing of complex expressions, especially unbracketed expressions with more than one infix operator. For example,

3 + 4 * 5

parses as 3 + (4 * 5) rather than (3 + 4) * 5 because the relative precedences dictate that * is to be parsed before +. Every operator in the CLEM language has a precedence value associated with it; the smaller this value, the more important it is on the parsing list, meaning that it will be processed sooner than other operators with larger precedence values.